Review: 1959 "Imitation of Life" is a Douglas Sirk Classic

TRASH IN MY EYE No. 19 (of 2004) by Leroy Douresseaux

Imitation of Life (1959)
Running time: 125 minutes
DIRECTOR: Douglas Sirk
WRITERS: Eleanora Griffin and Allan Scott (based upon the novel of the same name by Fannie Hurst)
PRODUCER: Ross Hunter
CINEMATOGRAPHER: Russell Metty
EDITOR: Milton Carruth

DRAMA/ROMANCE

Starring: Lana Turner, John Gavin, Sandra Dee, Robert Alda, Susan Kohner, Dan O’Herlihy Juanita Moore, Karin Dicker, Terry Burnham, and Troy Donahue

With the release of the film, Far From Heaven (2002), influenced by the work of director Douglas Sirk, perhaps, more people will take a look at his work, especially Sirk’s classic, quasi-campy, Imitation of Life. The high soap opera drama was the second film version of Fannie Hurst’s novel of the same title.

The film begins in 1947 when a struggling actress, Lora Meredith (Lana Turner, Peyton Place), and her six-year old daughter, Susie (Terry Burnham), meet a “colored” woman, Annie (Juanita Moore, who by 1947 was a veteran of several film roles for which she had not received screen credit) and her eight-year old daughter, Sarah (Karin Dicker), who is light-skinned/white (high, high-yellow) like her absent apparently Caucasian father and not like her darkie mother.

The film quickly moves to 1958 when Lora is a well-established Broadway star and the muse of her playwright boyfriend David Edwards (Dan O’Herlihy), but she isn’t happy. Lora hardly sees now sixteen year-old Susie (Sandra Dee, Gidget), and she struggles to find time for the man she loves, advertising man/frustrated photographer, MoMA wannabee Steve Archer (John Gavin). Lora, self-absorbed with her career, fails to realize that Susie is also smitten with Steve.

Meanwhile, Anne’s relationship with her daughter, 18 year-old Sarah (Susan Kohner), is rocky. Sarah is ashamed of her mother because Sarah can pass for white, but the only thing that shatters that illusion and reveals her to be a light-skinned negress is her mother’s dark skin. Sarah hates it when her mother shows up unannounced when Sarah’s white friends are around and embarrasses her.

Imitation of Life has so many melodramatic subplots that it flies all over the place. Will Steve and Lora hook up; will mother and daughter (both pairs) make up; why can’t Sarah be proud of her race; and what’s wrong with Annie’s health? Still, it’s fun to watch this remnant of the old studio system of Hollywood filmmaking and as part of Sirk’s filmography. It’s a Technicolor and melodramatic wallop upside the head – equally parts hilarious and heartbreaking, absurd and real, and archaic and relevant.

The acting is over the top, but there are moments of genuine clarity and art. The bombastic elements usually overwhelm the quality moments in the film, but it is still worth seeing. It’s just such an enjoyable film, whether you laugh or cry, both, or one more than the other.

The best plot line of this film (and it is blessed, but mostly cursed with many) is the mother/daughter relationship between Annie and Sarah. Why is it wrong for Sarah to pass as white? Why does she have to be black? If this issue is merely skin color, she is white, but ethnic/racial/genetic issues that define any black ancestry as a taint foils her. Why can’t she be who she is and who and what is she? Why does she have to accept the second-class status that goes with being black and stands in the way of material success and happiness? Should she deny who and what she is to get material things or a better social station in life?

Sarah’s often like a child looking through a storefront window at what everyone but she can have. The racial issues in Imitation of Life are a movie by themselves. The rest of the story elements are pedestrian fare, but Sarah’s dilemma, which would even today be explosive, was all the more so in the late 1950’s. Sarah’s story adds flavor to the crazy stew that is Imitation of Life.

It’s often hard to say why this film is so appealing. It’s structure as a film is faulty, and there are too many subplots, even for a two-hour film. But see it for yourself. Once you do, you can’t help but return for second, third, fourth, fifth, and so on helpings.

7 of 10
A-

NOTES:
1960 Academy Awards: 2 nominations for “Best Supporting Actress” (Susan Kohner, Juanita Moore)

1960 Golden Globes: 1 win for “Best Supporting Actress” (Susan Kohner) and 1 nomination for “Best Supporting Actress” (Moore)

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Review: First "Imitation of Life" is Less Attractive Over Time

TRASH IN MY EYE No. 59 (of 2004) by Leroy Douresseaux

Imitation of Life (1934) B&W
Running time: 111 minutes
DIRECTOR: John M. Stahl
WRITER: William Hulburt (from a novel by Fannie Hurst)
PRODUCER: Carl Laemmle, Jr.
CINEMATOGRAPHER: Merritt B. Gerstad
EDITORS: Philip Cahn and Maurice Wright
Academy Award nominee

DRAMA

Starring: Claudette Colbert, Warren William, Rochelle Hudson, Ned Sparks, Louise Beavers, Fredi Washington, Juanita Quigley, Sebie Hendricks, Marilyn Knowlden, Dorothy Black, Wyndham Standing, Henry Armetta, and Alan Hale

Although the 1959 color version directed by Douglas Sirk is better known, the 1934 version of Imitation of Life earned three Oscar nominations including one for Best Picture. If you’ve seen Sirk’s Technicolor cult classic of high melodrama, you really don’t need to see the older film (which covers the same themes), other than for the sake of curiosity.

In this black and white version, Beatrice “Bea” Pullman (Claudette Colbert) is a widowed, single mother of two-year old Jessie (Juanita Quigley). By chance and opportunity, she befriends a coloured domestic, Delilah Johnson (Louise Beavers), and her high yellow/mulatto daughter Peola (Sebie Hendricks). Delilah becomes Bea’s housekeeper and friend, and together they start a successful pancake restaurant (and later boxed pancake mix empire) that takes them from poverty to wealth.

But wealth doesn’t bring happiness. The adult Peola (Fredi Washington) comes to hate that she can’t pass for white because her dark-skinned mother has an irritating way of being part of her daughter’s life, so she eventually abandons Delilah, her “mammy.” Bea doesn’t have a man in her life, but when she finally meets Stephen “Steve” Archer (Warren William), teenage Jessie (Rochelle Hudson) falls in love with him.

The film is typical old school Hollywood drama replete with gorgeous art direction, sets, and costumes. The meat and bones of the story are, however, weak. The acting is suspect and lame, not because of technique or skill, but because of effort. The entire cast (except for the brassy Ned Sparks as Bea’s manager Elmer Smith) seems to be half stepping, as if they’re not really into it. They may have given their all, but appearances and results say otherwise. A melodrama needs intense and/or over-the-top performances; that makes the drama palatable. The filmmakers just don’t give that here. There is one thing they do with a passion: Ms. Beavers’ Delilah is a hideous stereotype that is so awful and stomach turning that I could almost believe the KKK financed this film.

3 of 10
C-

NOTE:
Academy Awards 1935: 3 nominations: “Best Picture,” “Best Assistant Director” (Scott R. Beal), and “Best Sound, Recording” (Theodore Soderberg, sound director)

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Review: "Pinky" Remains a Pointed, Relevant Drama

TRASH IN MY EYE No. 177 (of 2003) by Leroy Douresseaux

Pinky (1949)
Running time: 102 minutes
DIRECTOR:  Elia Kazan
WRITERS: Philip Dunne and Dudley Nichols (from the novel by Cid Ricketts Sumner)
PRODUCER: Darryl F. Zanuck
CINEMATOGRAPHER: Joseph MacDonald
EDITOR: Harmon Jones
Academy Award nominee

DRAMA

Starring: Jeanne Crain, Ethel Barrymore, Ethel Waters, William Lundigan, Basil Ruysdael, Evelyn Varden, Kenny Washington, and Griff Barnett

Actress Jeanne Crain died Sunday, December 14, 2003, a day before I began writing this review. She earned an Academy Award nomination for her work in the film, Pinky.  Patricia Johnson (Ms. Crain) is a (very) light-skinned black woman living in the north. Years ago her grandmother (Ethel Waters) sent her north so that she could go to school to become a very well trained nurse. Now a graduate nurse, Patricia, better known as Pinky in the dirty, bigoted South where she was born, comes home to help her ailing granny. Pinky, however, is not ready to live again in the pre-Civil Rights South, with all the requisite stepping, fetching, and bowing to crackers that Negroes had to do then.

Her grandmother also uses guilt and guile to get Pinky to watch over an ailing white woman, Miss Em (Ethel Barrymore), who once ran a boarding school on the grounds of her palatial plantation estate. When Miss Em dies, she bequeaths her property to Pinky, which causes anger and consternation amongst the small town’s backwoods, inbred peckerwoods; it especially infuriates the trashy wife (Evelyn Varden) of Miss Em’s only living relative. Pinky doggedly fights the relatives who contest the will in court, and everyone is against her, from her grandmother to a reluctant retired judge who is acting as Pinky’s lawyer.

That’s just a few of the many hilarious highlights of the film Pinky, which like both film versions of Imitation of Life deals with light-skinned black women trying to “pass” as white women. Many of you would like to believe that there is no need for mulattoes, quadroons, octoroons, etc. to pass as white because skin color doesn’t matter any more, or at least not as much as it used to matter. Michael Jackson is trying to make himself white for a reason – it matters. Who would chose to have a dusky or dark complexion over being lighter? This film is timeless as we will always face hate, prejudice, and bigotry based on physical appearance.

The film is well acted (even if Ms. Crain and Ms. Waters are a bit hammy at times) and very well directed. Pinky captures with disheartening accuracy the pain and horror of racism and bigotry. Ms. Waters as granny or Miss Darcy (as she’s also known) plays the quietly suffering mammy a bit too heavily, but the humility and grace in the face of hate she gives the character serves the film quite well. It is also not naïve to believe that Pinky would stand up for herself at the great risk of personal injury. Back in the day it was nothing for evil white Christians to brutally and viciously murder black men and women, and that’s what Pinky faced, demanding that the legal system honor her property and inheritance rights.

Most importantly, Pinky is very entertaining, even though at times it is outrageously hilarious. It is, too, an inspirational film about doing the right thing, a feel good movie about triumphant black folks that will hopefully stand strong over time.

7 of 10
A-

NOTE:
1950 Academy Awards: 3 nominations: Best Actress (Jeanne Crain), and Best Supporting Actress (Ethel Barrymore, Ethel Waters)

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